Comparative toxic effects of formulated simazine on Vibrio fischeri and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) larvae

The use of Early Life Stage (ELS) tests is a useful tool in risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of the seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae with the extensively used Microtox^® test on a commercial formulation containing simazine, an s-triazine herbicide. To this end, survival, growth and histopathological changes displayed by seabream yolk sac larvae exposed during 72 h post-hatching to nominal concentrations of the commercial preparation up to its saturating concentration in water, and bioluminescence of the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox^®) were studied. Survival of larvae after three days of exposure was significantly reduced in the highest (4.5 mg/l) concentration, but no effects on growth were found in any of the simazine treatments. The 72 h LC50 value for yolk sac larvae was estimated as 4.19 mg/l. Commercial grade simazine did not exert any significant toxicity to the marine bacterium V. fischeri at the concentrations tested.     

赤潮异弯藻对黑鲷仔鱼的毒性研究

以黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)仔鱼致死率为指标,进行了赤潮异弯藻鱼毒性源起的探寻.分别就赤潮异弯藻细胞数、种群生长时期、去藻滤液、藻粉提取液的毒性特征进行了研究.实验结果表明:(1) 赤潮异弯藻藻细胞数越高,对黑鲷仔鱼的致死性越大.当藻细胞数达到105 /mL时,5 h内出现明显致死现象.毒性作用主要源于细胞外分泌物质.(2) 不同种群生长期的赤潮异弯藻去藻过滤液对黑鲷仔鱼的毒性存在差异:指数生长期产生的毒性相对较弱,平台期和衰亡期呈现显著的5 h急性致死作用.(3) 用活性炭对平台期和衰亡期的去藻过滤液进行吸附处理,可以使去藻过滤液对黑鲷仔鱼的5 h致死率明显减弱.但24 h致死率仍为100%.(4) 利用冻干藻粉溶液过滤液对黑鲷仔鱼的毒性实验结果发现:冻干藻粉溶液过滤液仍然呈现出与浓度相关的毒性作用特征,滤液对黑鲷仔鱼的24 h半致死浓度相当于每mL溶液中含0.1 mg的干藻粉形成的溶液浓度.赤潮异弯藻的细胞和生长水体中都具有典型的鱼毒性特征.     

Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Different Tissues Of Dicentrarchus Labrax L, 1758, Sparus Aurata L, 1758 And Mugil Cephalus L, 1758 From the ÇamlIk Lagoon of the Eastern Cost Of Mediterranean (Turkey)

In this study, bioaccumulation of the heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd) in the liver, gill, gonad and muscle tissues of Dicentrarchus labrax, Mugil cephalus and Sparus aurata were investigated seasonally. Camlik is the important fisheries lagoon located in The Iskenderun Bay, Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Due to heavy industrial and agricultural activities in the region, the bay has the polluted coastal waters of Turkey. Therefore, the levels of cadmium, zinc, iron were determined in the muscle in each species because of its importance for human consumption and also the liver, gill, gonad were analysed since these organs tend to accumulate metals. Heavy metal levels were found generally higher in the liver and gill than the gonad and muscle tissues in three species; the levels of all metals in a given tissue were generally higher in Mugil cephalus than the other two species. Data collected in this study suggest that Camlik lagoon is affected by a relatively metal pollution. The concentrations of Zn concentrations in the muscle tissues exceeded the acceptable levels for a food source for human consumption and other metals in the edible parts of the investigated fish were in the permissible safety levels for human uses.     

Simulating the temporal pattern of waste production in farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)

Most fish farming waste output models provide gross waste rates as a function of stocked or produced biomass for a year or total culture cycle, but without contemplating the temporality of the discharges. This work aims to ascertain the temporal pattern of waste loads by coupling available growth and waste production models and developing simulation under real production rearing conditions, considering the overlapping of batches and management of stocks for three widely cultured species in the Mediterranean Sea: gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). For a similar annual biomass production, the simulations showed that waste output and temporal dumping patterns differ between the three species as a result of the disparities in growth velocity, nutrient digestibility, maintenance metabolic budget and husbandry. The simulations allowed the temporal patterns including the periods of maximum discharge and the dissolved and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus content in the wastes released to be determined, both of which were seen to be species-specific.